Buckle up, Megan, because it’s time for a sociology lesson. Today I bring to the drawing board, a Utilitarian process called The Prisoner’s Dilemma.
The first thing you need to know is about Utilitarian Theory. It’s one of the four main Sociological Theories (I generally only refer to three and this is the fourth). It’s a micro theory that envelops the idea of cost versus benefit. Because it’s micro, it looks at individuals and says basically that people are constantly weighing costs and benefits and that’s how we make decisions, is if the benefits outweigh the costs. This is all relative to the person of course, because everyone values different things and therefore different things benefit people in different ways. For a quick example that’ll put this in perspective, if offered a cheeseburger or a turkey sandwich, I would immediately choose the turkey sandwich because of my own personal preferences and the benefit of eating turkey outweighs the cost of bad tasting food for me. Someone else however might choose the burger or even the turkey again, but for a completely different reason.
Anywhoo, the Prisoner’s Dilemma. You may have heard of it. The traditional idea goes like this: Two people are arrested and convicted of the same but separate crimes. They have no way to communicate with each other. Each is going to go to prison, but the length of time is undetermined at this point and they are offered a bargain. Thanks Wikipedia:
- If A and B each betray the other, each of them serves 2 years in prison
- If A betrays B but B remains silent, A will be set free and B will serve 3 years in prison (and vice versa)
- If A and B both remain silent, both of them will only serve 1 year in prison (on the lesser charge)
So basically the prisoners dilemma deals with 2 groups whether they be individuals, groups or even nations, in a situation in which what each of them do affects what happens to the other. The idea is to maximize benefits and minimize costs. Rationally, the optimal outcome is not ideal because one person is loosing too much and the best idea would be to break even. So now I have like a thousand examples for you of where I’ve seen this and how it works.
The first is an example we were shown in class. Take a few minutes to watch this.
This one is a riddle my father used to tell me that kind of uses this process. It goes like this: You wake up in the middle of the desert with no idea how you got there or where “there” is. You want to find civilization again but there’s nothing as far as you can see in any direction so you just start walking hoping to run into someone. You finally run into a tent. On the outside of the tent there is a picture of two identical men and a sign that says, “One of us always lies and one of us always tells the truth. You may ask us one question.” What question do you ask? (I’ll give you the answer later, but you have to honestly give this one some thought)
Here’s another one that was just mentioned in class.
The thing that’s so important with this process is that your own values play into it. On one hand you have the actual situation in which you have to decide if you trust the other person to do the “right” thing and make the decision that will allow you both to walk away with the maximum mutual benefit and lowest mutual cost. On the other hand though, you have your mores and values, your integrity trying to persuade you to do what is actually right. So which do you choose?
This one’s a little more popular, but in this situation, Wesley had values that the other is unaware of which gives him an advantage.
My (maybe) last example is from the best show ever, here. Now I haven’t completely figured out how this one applies this process because it really hurts my head to think about, but I guarantee I will figure it out once I’m not so sleep deprived. I think it would also be interesting to see how Looking Glass self applies to this situation but that’s a project for another day.
Anyways I think that’s all of my examples and I hope you’ve learned a lot. Remind me to tell you the answer to the riddle when you’ve thought about it some.
❤ Annee